cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on its superficial, perceptual characteristics rather than its meaning. It is considered that processing at this shallow level produces weaker, shorter-lasting memories than deep processing. See levels-of-processing model of memory.

What is shallow processing?

Shallow processing is a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart. … Shallow processing uses only surface features for information processing and is not as involved as deep processing.

What's an example of shallow processing?

A shallow level of encoding occurs when we process information, like words, structurally, by the way they appear, or phonemically, by the way they sound. An example of structural encoding would be to remember the color of a word, and an example of phonemic encoding would be to think about what the word rhymes with.

What are shallow and deep processing?

Depth of processing falls on a shallow to deep continuum. Shallow processing (e.g., processing based on phonemic and orthographic components) leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid decay. Conversely, deep processing (e.g., semantic processing) results in a more durable memory trace.

What is the shallowest level of processing?

The original article published in 1972 suggests that in the encoding stage of a stimulus, there is a series of processing hierarchies ranging from the shallowest level (perceptual processing—the subject initially perceives the physical and sensory characteristics of the stimulus) to the deepest level (semantic …

What is shallow processing AP Psych?

Shallow processing: Processing information based on its surface characteristics. Deep processing: Processing information with respect to its meaning. Attention: The brain’s ability to focus on stimuli. … Divided attention: The ability to focus on two or more stimuli simultaneously; colloquially known as multitasking.

How does shallow processing affect encoding?

2. Phonemic processing – which is when we encode its sound. Shallow processing only involves maintenance rehearsal (repetition to help us hold something in the STM) and leads to fairly short-term retention of information. This is the only type of rehearsal to take place within the multi-store model.

How do shallow and deep processing look at words differently?

​“The deep processing groups recall the most words, regardless of whether they were warned about the recall task or not. And the shallow processing groups recall fewer words, once again with no difference between those who were warned about recall and those who were not.

What are the 3 levels of processing?

The visceral level is fast: it makes rapid judgments of what is good or bad, safe or dangerous, and sends appropriate signals to the muscles (the motor system) and alerts the rest of the brain. This is the start of affective processing.

What is the difference between shallow and deep processing quizlet?

Deep processing involves attention to meaning and is associated with elaborative rehearsal. Shallow processing involves repetition with little attention to meaning and is associated with maintenance rehearsal. processing that involves attention to meaning and relating an item to something else.

Article first time published on

Which memory is semantic?

Semantic memory is a category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of ideas, concepts and facts commonly regarded as general knowledge. Examples of semantic memory include factual information such as grammar and algebra.

What is a true statement about elaboration in memory?

Identify a true statement about elaboration in memory. Relating material to one’s own experience is an effective way to elaborate on information. In the context of short-term memory, which of the following is true of rehearsal? Information can be retained indefinitely if rehearsal is not interrupted.

How does elaboration enhance memory?

Elaboration strategies connect information to be learned with information that students already know. This connecting takes stress off of working memory, because connections create efficiency of learning and memory.

What is intermediate level of processing?

Intermediate-level visual processing is concerned with determining which boundaries and surfaces belong to specific objects and which are part of the background (see Figure 25–4). … Intermediate-level visual processing thus involves assembling local elements of an image into a unified percept of objects and background.

What are 3 stages of memory?

Stages of Memory Creation The brain has three types of memory processes: sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

What is surface processing in memory?

information that is stored in the long-term memory. surface processing. if we just try to memorize information. deep processing. tries to connect the new information with already learned information or with devices that allow information be put in and retrieved from memory easier.

What is the hippocampus?

Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli. Studies have shown that it also gets affected in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Does processing style affect memory?

Using deeper processing when studying, could lead to better memory. Applying the depth of processing theory to teaching styles by making information personal would increase learning.

How does forgetting information in short term memory differ from forgetting information in long term memory?

Short-term memory is the capacity to hold small amounts of information in the brain. … Long-term memory loss can be caused by issues like injury, infection or trauma. A person with long-term memory loss will commonly forget their past such as old friends names or important vacations that they went on with their family.

What is better for your memory over time shallow or deep?

Deep processing creates stronger memories because it involves elaborative rehearsal, creating a more meaningful analysis. 💭Shallow processing is not as involved as deep processing. It uses surface characteristics to process information.

What is the hippocampus AP Psychology?

Hippocampus. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system and in the temporal lobe. The hippocampus is responsible for the formation of memory and processes explicit memories for storage. … Sleep helps your memory consolidation and ensures it is processed. During deep sleep (NREM-3), memories are processed.

What are the different types of levels of processing for memory?

The consensus was that information is easier to transfer to long-term memory when it can be related to other memories or information the person is familiar with. There are three levels of processing for verbal data: structural, phonetic, and semantic.

What are the 4 types of memory?

  • working memory.
  • sensory memory.
  • short-term memory.
  • long-term memory.

What is visceral level?

The visceral level is responsible for the ingrained, automatic and almost animalistic qualities of human emotion, which are almost entirely out of our control. … This level of design refers to the perceptible qualities of the object and how they make the user/observer feel.

What is elaboration in psychology?

n. 1. the process of interpreting or embellishing information to be remembered or of relating it to other material already known and in memory.

What does it mean to be a deep processor?

Deep processing refers to one of the extreme ends of the level of processing spectrum of mental recall through analysis of language used. Deep processing requires the use of semantic processing (how words work together to create meaning) which creates a much stronger memory trace.

What type of memory is the shortest?

The shortest type of memory is known as working memory, which can last just seconds. This is what we use to hold information in our head while we engage in other cognitive processes.

Which of the following describes the effect of depth of processing on memory?

The deeper the level of processing, the easier the information is to recall. The view that information is retained in several sensory systems for analysis by working memory.

What is the difference between working memory and short term memory?

They both do not hold information for very long but short term memory simply stores information for a short while, while working memory retains the information in order to manipulate it. Short term memory is part of working memory, but that doesn’t make it the same thing.

What is anterograde memory?

Overview. Anterograde amnesia refers to a decreased ability to retain new information. This can affect your daily activities. It may also interfere with work and social activities because you might have challenges creating new memories. Anterograde amnesia is a subset of amnesia.

What is an example of episodic memory?

Episodic memory is a person’s memory of a specific event. … Your memories of your first day of school, your first kiss, attending a friend’s birthday party, and your brother’s graduation are all examples of episodic memories.