What is Bladder Exstrophy? An abnormality of formation of the bladder and the bony pelvis. The bladder does not form into its normal round shape but instead is flattened and exposed on the abdominal wall. The pelvic bones are also widely separated.

What causes exstrophy bladder?

The bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex is caused by a developmental abnormality that occurs 4-5 weeks after conception in which the cloacal membrane is not replaced by tissue that will form the abdominal muscles. The underlying cause of this error in development is not known.

What is the treatment for bladder exstrophy?

Treatment for bladder exstrophy includes surgical repair. The goal of treatment is to optimize urinary control, to preserve normal renal function, and to optimize the appearance and function of the external genitalia. If left untreated, normal urine continence does not occur and normal sexual function is compromised.

Can bladder exstrophy be cured?

Complete repair. This procedure is called complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy. Complete repair surgery is performed in a single procedure that closes the bladder and the abdomen and repairs the urethra and outer sex organs. This can be done soon after birth, or when the baby is around two to three months old.

How do you pee with bladder exstrophy?

To urinate (pee), your bladder contracts (squeezes) and forces urine through your urethra and out of your body. With bladder exstrophy, the cloaca (clo-AY-ka) doesn’t develop as it should. The cloaca is the area where the reproductive, digestive and urinary organs come together.

What abnormalities are associated with bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy (EK-stroh-fee) is a rare birth defect in which the bladder develops outside the fetus. The exposed bladder can’t store urine or function normally, resulting in urine leakage (incontinence). Problems caused by bladder exstrophy vary in severity.

Is bladder exstrophy genetic?

In a family with a child with exstrophy, the likelihood of a second child being born with exstrophy is one in 100. The risk of having a child with exstrophy is one in 70, if the parents have exstrophy. Major genetic studies are currently underway at Johns Hopkins involving the exstrophy-epispadias complex.

How is bladder exstrophy diagnosed?

How is bladder exstrophy diagnosed? Bladder exstrophy may be diagnosed during a routine fetal ultrasound or other indicated imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Often it is diagnosed immediately after birth during initial physical examination.

What is Epispadia?

Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location. The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone.

What is cloacal exstrophy?

Cloacal exstrophy is a condition where some internal organs that are normally in the lower abdomen are exposed externally. In addition, some of these organs may not have developed correctly and the lower parts of the reproductive, urinary and intestinal tracts may not be completely formed.

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What is the difference between Epispadias and hypospadias?

In hypospadias, the urethra doesn’t fully develop and reach the penis tip. The urethra opening ends up in a different position along the bottom of the penis. In epispadias, the tube also doesn’t form correctly. The opening is on the top of the penis.

Can a baby live without a bladder?

Babies also ingest some of the amniotic fluid, which fills the lungs and helps them develop. When the flow of urine out of the bladder is blocked and the lungs do not develop normally, the baby may not be able to survive.

Can a baby pop your bladder?

Bladder prolapse usually happens because of weakening and stretching of the vaginal walls and pelvic floor muscles, due to childbirth or repetitive straining. Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth and anything else that puts pressure on the pelvic floor , including some high-impact gym exercises.

What happens if you hold in your urine?

Holding your urine for too long can weaken the bladder muscles over time. This can lead to problems such as incontinence and not being able to fully empty your bladder. Holding your urine for extremely long periods of time can also cause urinary tract infections due to bacteria build-up.

What is VUR baby?

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys. VUR is most common in infants and young children. Most children don’t have long-term problems from VUR.

What is Hydro kidney?

Hydronephrosis is swelling of one or both kidneys. Kidney swelling happens when urine can’t drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney as a result. This can occur from a blockage in the tubes that drain urine from the kidneys (ureters) or from an anatomical defect that doesn’t allow urine to drain properly.

What is Mitrofanoff stoma?

A Mitrofanoff (say: me-TROFF-an-off) is a small tunnel from the bladder to the outside of the body. This tunnel is made with surgery (an operation). The opening on the outside of the body is called a stoma. Right after the operation, your child will have a tube that drains urine (pee) from the bladder.

Is a hypospadias genetic?

In most cases, the exact cause of hypospadias is unknown. Sometimes, hypospadias is genetic, but environment also may play a role.

Is cloacal exstrophy curable?

Conclusions: The once hopeless anomaly of cloacal exstrophy is treatable with extensive reconstructive surgery. Continence of urine (mainly by catheterization) and stool (mainly by enema washouts) is achievable in most.

What is Hypospedia?

Hypospadias (pronounced hype-oh-spay-dee-us) is a birth defect in boys where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis.

What is phimosis and paraphimosis?

Phimosis and paraphimosis are problems with the foreskin of the penis. Phimosis is when a foreskin can’t be pulled down (retracted) from the tip of the penis. This is a common problem in young boys. Paraphimosis is when the foreskin is retracted but can’t move back up.

Can girls get hypospadias?

Hypospadia is characterized by shortening of the urethra and ectopia of the external urethral opening. This deformity often occurs in women but is rarely diagnosed because physicians are not well-informed about female hypospadia.

What does it mean when a baby has enlarged kidneys?

A kidney may swell if your baby’s ureter is blocked and urine can’t flow from the kidney to the bladder. Or your baby’s kidney may swell if urine that’s already in the bladder flows back up into the kidney.

How common is cloacal exstrophy?

Cloacal exstrophy (OEIS Syndrome) is a rare and complicated condition that affects the lower abdominal wall structures of infants In utero, occurring in 1 out of 200,000 pregnancies and 1 in 400,000 live births. It is often diagnosed prenatally (before birth) by a fetal ultrasound and confirmed at the time of birth.

What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?

omphalocelegastroschisisintestines covered by protective sacintestines not covered by a protective sac

How common is female hypospadias?

Hypospadias is a rare birth deformity characterised by shortening of urethra with dorsal ectopia of the urethral meatus. The occurrence of hypospadias in female patients is extremely rare.

Why is circumcision contraindicated in hypospadias?

Children with hypospadias should not be circumcised because the foreskin, which is removed during circumcision, is a source of tissue that surgeons use to rebuild the missing part of the urethra. Epispadias is a problem both boys and girls can have.

Does hypospadias affect size?

In those studies, it was revealed that the severity of hypospadias was a significant risk factor for smaller penile size.

What is it called when your born with your intestines on the outside?

What is Gastroschisis? Gastroschisis is a birth defect of the abdominal (belly) wall. The baby’s intestines are found outside of the baby’s body, exiting through a hole beside the belly button.

Why is urethra longer in males?

There is a sphincter at the upper end of the urethra, which serves to close the passage and keep the urine inside the bladder. As the passage needs to traverse the length of the penis, it is significantly longer in males than females.

Is your bladder an organ?

Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder’s walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.